The 1999 NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluation, Using Summed Two-Channel Telephone Data for Speaker Detection and Speaker Tracking
The 1999 NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluation encompassed three tasks: one-speaker detection, two-speaker detection, and speaker tracking. All tasks were performed in the context of conversational telephone speech. The one-speaker task used single channel
Randomness Testing of the Advanced Encryption Standard Candidate Algorithms
One of the criteria used to evaluate the Advanced Encryption Standard candidate algorithms was their demonstrated suitability as random number generators. That is, the evaluation of their output utilizing statistical tests should not provide any means by
On July 1, 1997, President Clinton issued A Framework for Global Electronic Commerce identifying nine areas in which international agreements would be needed in order to preserve the Internet as a non-regulatory medium.The implementation of global
Object Retrieval and Access Management in Electronic Commerce
Electronic commerce over the Internet is now tens of billions of dollars per year and growing. This article describes how objects used in EC can be located and protected from unauthorized access. It discusses the three kinds of EC: customer interactions
In 1997, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) initiated a process to select a symmetric-key encryption algorithm to be used to protect sensitive (unclassified) Federal Information, in furtherance of NIST's statutory responsibilities
We consider the role of constraints in maintaining both secrecy and integrity in a multilevel secure database. In a multilevel database, certain integrity and classification constraints create a secrecy problem since data additions, deletions or
The Web has emerged as a dominant mode of making information available and is increasingly seen as the medium to support collaboration across boundaries of geography and time. To realize this potential, the Web must support viewing and manipulating of
Studies of Ion Bombardment in High Density Plasmas Containing CF 4
We report ion energy distributions, relative ion intensities, and absolute total ion current densities at the grounded electrode of an inductively coupled Gaseous Electronics Conference radio-frequency reference cell for discharges generated in pure C 4
Negative Ion-Neutral Reactions in Townsend Discharges
Relative intensities and translational ion-flux energy distributions are presented for negative ions sampled from Townsend discharges in O 2, SF 6, and CF 4 for a high range of density reduced electric fields greater than 2 W 10 -18 V m 2 (> 2 kTd). These
Electron Collision Cross Sections Derived from Critically Assessed Data
Electron-molecule collisions are among the most fundamental processes in gas discharges. They are also the precursors of the ions and the radicals which drive the etch, cleaning, or deposition processes in plasma reactors. Hence, there is a need for a
Characterization of Power Electronics System Interconnect Parasitics Using Time Domain Reflectometry
The significance of interconnect parasitics of power electronics system is their affects on converters' EMI-related performances, such as voltage/current spikes, dv/dt, di/dt, conducted/radiated EMI noise, and the like. In this paper, a time domain
A Unique Institution: The History of NBS, 1950-1969
A follow-on to Measures for Progress by Rexmond C. Cochrane, this work covers the history of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) from 1950-1969. While the book focuses on technical work, the management and administration of the Bureau are also discussed
A Fine-Grained, Detailed, Synchronized Measurement Toolkit for Web Client-Server Performance
A hybrid measurement application of the Apache/Linux Measurement Toolkit (ALMT) and the MultiKron_II system performance chip was developed to create a fine-grained, detailed, synchronized measurement method for evaluating web client-server performance
The Apache/Linux Measurement Toolkit (ALMT) Using NIST-Developed Chip
This paper describes the development of the Apache-Linux Measurement Toolkit (ALMT), which is a highly accurate measurement tool for evaluating the performance of a Web server. The toolkit combines hardware and software to provide fine-grained data on the
Survivability of SONET/WDM Ring Networks with Optimum Number of Spare Components and Wavelengths
This paper addresses the optimization and performance of survivability strategies used in the next generation of high-capacity optical transport networks based on Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology. The framework of survivability presented
A Comparison of MAC Protocols for Hybrid Fiber/Coax Networks: IEEE 802.14 vs. MCNS
The first Medium Access Control (MAC) interface specifications for Hybrid Fiber/Coax networks to be completed are the Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications, started as a project of the Multimedia Cable Network System (MCNS) organization and
IComputer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) holds great importance and promise for modern society. This paper provides an overview of seventeen papers comprising a symposium on CSCW. The overviewI also discusses some relationships among the contributions
A large class of distributed testing, control and collaborative applications are reactive or event driven in nature. Such applications can be structured as a set of handlers that react to events and that in turn can trigger other events. We have developed
A Queueing Model of a Spread Spectrum Multiple Access
We propose a queueing model of the reverse link from mobiles to the base station in a single cell of a cellular DS-CDMA system. Approximation of independent queues leads to a non-linear fixed point equation that describes globally or locally stable system
Analysis of Conducted EMI Emissions from PWM Inverters Based on Empirical Models and Comparative Experiments
For the purpose of investigation of electromagnetic interference (EMI) mechanisms in PWM inverters, empirical models and comparative experiments were studied in both time and frequency domains. Models of major circuit components including switching devices
Computer Attacks: What They Are and How to Defend Against Them
Although a host of technologies exists to detect and prevent attacks against computers, a human must coordinate responding to a successful network penetration. At the same time, the majority of systems administrators are not prepared to handle a
A Framework for Throughput and Stability Analysis of a DS-CDMA Network
We propose a framework for throughput and stability analysis of a Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) network. Given chip rate, processing gains, packet structure, coding scheme, and the characteristics of the wireless channel, we
Critical Infrastructures Protection: Research Agendas for Information Systems Security
Several national studies have examined the vulnerabilities and threats to the critical infrastructures upon which the United States depends for its national defense and economic growth, and have addressed measures needed to protect the critical